Showing posts with label AMPLIFIER. Show all posts
Showing posts with label AMPLIFIER. Show all posts

Monday, August 29, 2011

Transistor AM Modulator Circuit Diagram


Modulation is the process of changing some characteristics (e.g. amplitude, frequency or phase) of a carrier wave in accordance with the intensity of the signal is known as modulation.

The figure shows the electronics circuit of a simple am modulator. It is essentially a CE amplifier having a voltage gain of A. The carrier signal is the input to the amplifier. The modulating signal is applied in the emitter resistance circuit. 

The carrier ec is applied at the input of the amplifier and the modulating signal es is applied in the emitter resistance circuit. The amplifier circuit amplifies the carrier by a factor A, so that the output is Aes. Since the modulating signal is a part of the biasing circuit, it products low frequency variations in the emitter circuit. This in turn causes variations in “A”.

The result is that amplitude of the carrier varies in accordance with the strength of the signal. Consequently, amplitude modulated output is obtained across RL. It may be noted that carrier should not influence the voltage gain A; only the modulating signal should do this. To achieve this objective, carries should have a small magnitude and signal should have a large magnitude.
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Sunday, August 28, 2011

BLAZER 1000 WATT POWER AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

BLAZER 1000 WATT POWER AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

The transistors are 2SC3858 (NPN) and 2SA1494 (PNP), and feature high bandwidth, excellent safe operating area, high linearity and high gain. Driver transistors are 2SC5200 (NPN) and 2SA1943 (PNP). All devices are rated at 230V, with the power transistors having a 150W dissipation and the drivers are 50W.

This circuit describes an amplifier, power supply and tests procedures that are all inherently dangerous. Nothing described in this article should even be considered unless you are fully experienced, know exactly what you are doing, and are willing to take full 100% responsibility for what you do. There are aspects of the design that may require analysis, fault-finding and/or modification.
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Wednesday, August 24, 2011

400W MOSFET AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

400W MOSFET AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

As the name suggests All Q ,C and ZD the Bias and buffer phases. Its main goal is to provide a stable MOSFET Gates and offset voltage and the voltage buffer amplifier stage of the High Resource capacity. What would have without the phase response and the effect Slew rate is indeed very bad. The flip side of the coin is not the extra step Introduction of an additional dominant pole in the amplifier feedback loop.

Also to what the name suggests this stage converts the voltage developed in the VAS and provides all the amps required to drive at 8 or 4 ohms. 2-ohm loads are possible for several minutes at a time. In fact, I have tested more than 1600 1kW amplifier Watts RMS at 2 ohms. But that would not be recommended as a long-term exposure at all. If it is higher than the figures of the STI-amp. Power to the AV amplifier 800 The components of the power for this amplifier are as follows, and are favored A channel or a power module alone. 1 toroidal transformer with a rating of 1kVA. Primary windings are made to fit
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Saturday, August 13, 2011

35W AUDIO AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT BY STK082 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

35W AUDIO AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT BY STK082 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

This amplifier circuit is suitable for home power audio devices. The STK082 amplifier specifications might lead you to believe that it can use supply voltages of up to ±43V. but I don't recommend anything greater than ±25V if 8 ohm loads are expected, although ±30V will be fine if you can provide good heatsinking.
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Sunday, August 7, 2011

25V CAPACITOR BANK FOR OCL AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

25V CAPACITOR BANK FOR OCL AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Although shown with 4,700uF filter capacitors, larger ones may be used. Anything beyond 10,000uF is too expensive, and will not improve performance to any worthwhile degree. Probably the best is to use two 4,700uF caps per side (four in all). This will actually work better than a single 10,000uF device, and will be cheaper as well.

It is essential that fuses are used for the power supply. While they will not stop the amp from failing (no fuse ever does), they will prevent catastrophic damage that would result from not protecting the circuit from over-current conditions.
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Wednesday, August 3, 2011

POWER AMPLIFIER MJ15003 - MJ15004 CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

POWER AMPLIFIER MJ15003 - MJ15004 CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

When I began the design of this amp, my goal was to make a product better suited for the reproduction of complex music and voice. Although I emphasize the high electrical properties, the most important requirement is to create a superior sound, vivid images and superb spatial aural clarity.

Although the average level of listening is usually less than 10 watts, my design concept was to an amplifier with plenty of reserves, but the deviation is for Class A, at the height of the audience of cross-over distortion at a very low level. There is no place in the pathway, enhances the precision of the tonal characteristics of instruments and voices clearly. This Amplifier is virtually zero phase distortion over the audio range resolution is perfect and completely color the sound.
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Friday, July 22, 2011

STK 4192 POWER AMPLIFIER 50 WATT STEREO CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

STK 4192 POWER AMPLIFIER 50 WATT STEREO CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

    * The STK4102II series (STK4192II) and STK4101V series (high-grade type) are pin-compatible in the output
    * range of 6W to 50W and enable easy design. Small-sized package whose pin assignment is the same
    * as that of the STK4101II series
    * Built-in muting circuit to cut off various kinds of pop noise
    * Greatly reduced heat sink due to substrate temperature 125°C guaranteed
    * Excellent cost performance
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Tuesday, July 19, 2011

HEADPHONE HI-FI AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

HEADPHONE HI-FI AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

This circuit can be used for a headphone amplifier, arose after the purchase of commercial equipment with separate pre and power amplifiers without a headphone output. The intention is to permanently insert the headphone amp between pre and power amps. The gain control being used to pre-set the gain so that the pre-amp's gain control is normally used for setting the listening level.

Its advantages are :

    * low output impedance to drive several pairs of phones
    * The active gain stage is, almost, perfectly logarithmic and ...
    * Independent of the absolute value of the pot
    * Excellent channel tracking
    * O/P noise reduces with gain reduction.

The first stage is a conventional series feedback circuit using the ubiquitous NE5534, the gain being set by the feedback AOT (adjust on test) resistor to suit individual needs, this stage provides the necessary low impedance output for the variable gain stage. The resistor/ capacitor networks around the input stage may seem a little extravagant, but are necessary to reduce any possible RF pickup especially the 470 pF between the two IC + and - inputs.
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Monday, July 11, 2011

AMPLIFIER MOSFET 60WATT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

AMPLIFIER MOSFET 60WATT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

The following is a 60 - 90W High Quality power amplifier. Circuit topology is about the same of the above mentioned amplifier, but the extremely IRFP9240 Rugged IRFP240 MOSFET devices and are used as the output pair, and well Renowned high voltage Motorola's transistors are employed in the preceding stages. The supply rails prudentially voltage was kept at the rather low value of + and - 40V. For those wishing to experiment, the supply voltage rails could be raised to + and - 50V maximum, allowing the amplifier to approach the 100W into 8 Ohm target

Rangkaian 60watt Amplifier Mosfet
Skema Rangkaian 60watt Amplifier Mosfet

Note:

    * A small, U-shaped heatsink must be fitted to transistor Q6 & Q7.
    * Mosfet Q8 & Q9 must be mounted on large heatsinks.
    * Quiescent current can be measured by means of an Avo-meter wired in series to the positive supply rail and no input signal.
    * Set the Trimmer R10 to its minimum resistance.
    * Power-on the amplifier and adjust R10 to read a current drawing of about 120 - 130mA.
    * Wait about 15 minutes, watch if the current is varying and readjust if necessary.
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500WATT POWER AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

500Watt Power Amplifier

There are some important updates to this project, as shown below. Recent testing has shown that with the new ON Semi transistors it is possible to obtain a lot more power than previously. The original design was very conservative, and was initially intended to use 2SA1492 and 2SC3856 transistors (rated at 130W) - with 200W (or 230W) devices, some of the original comments and warnings have been amended to suit.


Rangkaian 500Watt Power Amplifier Skema Rangkaian 500Watt Power Amplifier

Note:

    * This amplifier is not trivial, despite its small size and apparent simplicity. The total DC is over 110V (or as much as 140V DC!), and can kill you.
    * The power dissipated is such that great care is needed with transistor mounting.
    * The single board P68 is capable of full power duty into 4 Ohm loads, but only at the lower supply voltage.
    * For operation at the higher supply voltage, you must use the dual board version.
    * There is NO SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION. The amp is designed to be used within a subwoofer or other speaker enclosure, so this has not been included. A short on the output will destroy the amplifier.
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Sunday, July 10, 2011

8WATT AUDIO AMPLIFIER TDA2030 CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

8WATT AUDIO AMPLIFIER TDA2030 CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

This is a circuit of 8-watt audio amplifier IC TDA2030-based mono. When you use 4 ohm speakers then you get 14 watts output power, and around 8 watts if you use 8 ohm loudspeaker.

Although the TDA2030 is capable of delivering 20 watts of audio power, I deliberately reduced the output to about 8 watts to 10 watts drive speakers. This is more than adequate for a smaller room. Input sensitivity is 200mV. Higher input levels naturally will give greater output, but no distortion should be heard. The gain is set by the 47k and 1.5k resistors. The TDA2030 IC is affordable and makes a good replacement amplifier for low to medium audio power systems. Incidentally, it is speaker efficiency that determines how "loud" the sound is. Speaker efficiency or sound pressure level (SPL) is usually quoted in dB / meter. A speaker with an SPL of 97dB / m will sound louder than a speaker with an SPL of 95dB / m.

Absolute Maximum Ratings IC TDA2030

Supply voltage ± 18 (36) V
Input voltage Vs
Differential input voltage ± 15 V
Output peak current (internally limited) 3.5 A
Power dissipation at Tcase = 90°C 20 W
Tj Stoprage and junction temperature -40 to 150 °C
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BASIC POWER AMPLIFIER IC LM12 CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

BASIC POWER AMPLIFIER IC LM12 CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

This is 80Watt power amplifier OCL circuit using devices pillar is the integrated circuit LM12. This interesting routes many good bass and treble alive. If a friend is the CD therefore has a beautiful voice and Pre Tone Control is good that some will take something very magical. Importantly should choose Power supply source, which has been fairly high voltage class 38Vdc GND 38V-3A is the current low level. To decorate the fines resulting from the size finely R4 2 ohm/4W Idle current about 30mA, or with the whole center just before. Almost forgotten friends should choose the material is good, good, especially IC LM12 and Transistor everyone.
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LED INDICATOR AUDIO AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

LED INDICATOR AUDIO AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

This circuit, connected to the loudspeaker output of an audio amplifier, will indicate the instantaneous output power delivered to the loudspeaker(s) by means of six LEDs illuminating one after another by voltage values increasing little by little, providing the visual impression of a luminous bar or column, increasing and decreasing in height following the increase and decrease of the signal’s level.

Notes:

    * The output power indicated by each LED must be doubled when 4 Ohms loads are driven.
    * The circuit can be adapted to suit less powerful amplifiers by reducing the number of LEDs and related voltage dividers.
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Thursday, June 30, 2011

HI-FI POWER AMPLIFIER 12 VOLT CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

The voltage drop across the resistors R2 and R3, are used as the input of the Darlington pairs.
 As the input current to the op-amp depends on the level of the signal op amp is amplifying
the voltage drop across the resistors R2 and R3 will be proportional to the input signal.
These voltage drops are given to the base of Darlington pairs. The amplification is stabilized
as a result of the negative feedback from the junction of collectors of Q2 and Q4.
The theory may seem little awkward for you.But its working good.Such a simple but stable
circuit as this can produce a reasonable output of 12W on a 4 Ohm speaker.
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3-6 VOLT MINI AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

The amplifier circuit can be run from 3Volt. This Mercury is ideal for battery
operated module. The potentiometer circuit can be used to control volume. Capacitor C1 and C2
are designed to filter supplyvoltage If the battery separator is used as operations offer
source.For using batteries C1 and C2 are not required.

TDA7052 is a mono output amplifier in 8-comng Head DI package (DIP).
The device is designed primarily for battery-operated portable audio circuits.
Features include TDA 7052, no external components needed, no switch-on or switch-off button.
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Thursday, May 26, 2011

Integrator Circuit Using Op amp 741


            An integrator is a circuit which shows the sum of input voltage at the output. That means it works by the operation of integral form. If we see the output of the integrator shows the summation of input voltages, the result of integrator circuit will be right. Such that, if we give square wave at the input, then we will get triangular wave at the output.

             A circuit in which the output voltage waveform of Op amp is the integral of the input voltage waveform is the integrator or the integrator amplifier. Such a circuit is obtained by using a basic inverting amplifier configuration if the feedback resistor RF is replaced by a capacitor CF.

        Integrators are used in the design of signal generators and signal processing circuits. It is also used in analog computers and analog-to-digital (ADC) and signal-wave shaping circuits.


              When Vin = 0, the integrator of Fig 1(a) works as an open-loop amplifier. This is because the capacitor CF acts as an open circuit (XCF = ∞) to the input offset voltage Vio. In other words, the input offset voltage Vio and the part of the input current charging capacitor CF produce the error voltage at the output of the integrator.

         Therefore, in the practical integrator to reduce the error voltage at the output, a resistor RF is connected across the feedback capacitor CF. Thus, RF limits the low-frequency gain and hence minimizes the variations in the output voltage.

        Both the stability and the low-frequency roll-off problems can be created in ideal integrator. Those problems can be corrected by the addition of a resistor RF. From the simulation result, we can see that the output of square wave is the triangular wave. So, we can say that integrator does the sum at the output.

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Wednesday, May 25, 2011

First-Order Band-Pass Filter


          Application of first order band pass filter to find out the output voltage gain magnitude of specific frequency. A specific range of frequency can pass through the amplifier which has a specific bandwidth of this band pass filter.

A band pass filter is a frequency selector. It allows one to select or pass only one particular band of frequencies from all other frequencies that may be present in a circuit. This type of filter has a maximum gain at a resonant frequency.



A band pass filter is the combination of high pass and low pass filter combination. It has a pass band between two cut off frequency fH and fL such that fH > fL. Any input frequency outside this pass band is attenuated. There are two types of band pass filters wide band pass and narrow band pass. If the quality factor Q < 10 and Q > 10 then it would be wide band pass and narrow band pass filter.

          The relationship between Q, the 3-dB bandwidth and the center frequency fc is given by,

             
       According to Figure 01 of band pass filter circuit, there are two sections. One is first order high pass section and other is low pass section.

 For first order high pass section the output voltage equation is,
For first order low pass section the output voltage equation is,

Putting the value of first order high pass section output voltage  from equation (1),


So the final voltage equation of first order band pass filter is,
        
         The voltage gain magnitude of the band pass filter is equal to the product of the voltage gain magnitudes of the high pass and low pass filters.


Therefore the equation (2) is,
Where,  = Total band pass gain
f = frequency of the input signal (Hz)
 = low cut off frequency (Hz)
= high cut off frequency (Hz)

The above first order low pass band width filter was designed by taking following precautions,
a.       
 Limited magnitude of input voltage was applied at the input, so that the op-amp must not be driven to saturation.

b.                 Only selected frequency can pass through the filter.

c.                         Overall gain of the first order band pass filter is the multiplication of  high pass filter gain and low pass filter gain.
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Electric Analog Computation

               Electronic analog computation is one of the basic concepts in the field of modern electronic computing. In electronic analog computation any equation  can be solved by using some analog circuits which is designed by using op-amps .In my assignment I try to present the concept of electronic analog computation by solving a differential equation with a correspondent circuit .

        Electronic analog computation is such kind of electronic computation in which basic analog computing elements such as adders ,integrators ,multipliers, comparators etc are used to solve any desired equation such as differential equations etc .It is the basic concepts of analog computer.
            In this a differential equation is solved by electronic analog computation.


                   Let a differential equation be :
                                          
 D2v+k1Dv+k2v-v1=0……………….(1)   Where, k1 and k2 are constant terms.

           In the starting I assumed that D2v is available in the form of a voltage .Then by means of an integrator I will get  the voltage proportional to Dv. A second integrator gives the voltage proportional to v .Then an adder gives –( k1Dv+k2v-v1)  From the equation it is equal to D2v
and hence the output of this summing amplifier is fed to the input terminal ,where I had assumed that D2v was available in the first place.

       The integrator 1 has a time constant RC=1s, and hence its output at terminal 1 is –Dv .This voltage is fed to a similar integrator 2 and the voltage at terminal 2 is +v. The voltage at terminal 1 is fed to summing amplifier 1 which gain is 1 and in the output terminal 3 I get + k1Dv- v1.
         where k1=(R/R1).At the end the output of terminal 2 and 3 are fed to summing amplifier 2,from where I will get  D2v= - (k1Dv+k2v-v1) at terminal 4.


 
Fig1.1: Electronic analog computing circuit for calculating a differential equation .

              By electronic analog computation we can solve any kind of equation by some basics circuits using op-amp .But we have to careful to set the gain of the circuits because in some steps the constant term of the equation is  represent by the gain of the correspondent circuit .So, we have to design the circuits according to gain which represents the constant term

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The Differential Input and Differential Output


For getting balanced differential output  we use this circuit. In this circuit  two source is present, so the superposition theory is applied to get the output. In this circuit both the inverting and non-inverting terminal is working.It rejects the common-mode voltages, so  it is very useful in noisy environments.

A  differential input and differential output amplifier using two identical Op amp. It is     most commonly used as a preamplifier and driving push-pull  arrangement. The differential input and output  are inphase or the same polarity provided  Vin  =Vx – Vy and
V=Vox – Voy
When we want to find out the 1st op-amps output VOX , we will use the  superposition theory.
When we get  VX  is active , VY  is  inactive then ,
In non inverting terminal 
V1= (1+ )VX
When we get  Vy   is  active,  Vx   is  inactive then,
In  inverting terminal,
V1 = - Vy
 So, Vox = V1+V1
                =(1+ )V Vy
 
Fig: The circuit diagram of the differential input and output amplifier. 

When we want to find out the 2nd  op-amps output VOy ,we will use superposition theory.
                      When we get  VX  is active , VY  is  inactive then
                      In  inverting terminal ,
                      V2= - Vx
        
      Again, when  we get  Vy  is  active ,  Vx  is  inactive then
        In non inverting terminal we get, 
V2= (1+ )Vy
So, Voy = V2+V2
                                      =(1+ )Vy - Vx
So the output result   
Vo = Vox  –  Voy 
= (1+ )V-  Vy  –[(1+ )Vy - Vx ]
                                      = (1+ ) ( VX - Vy ) +( VX - Vy )
                                       = ( VX - Vy ) (1+ )

Design
To design a input and differential output amplifier,  taking a  differential output of at least 3.7V and the  differential  input Vin  =10V.
                        We know,
 Vo = ( VX - Vy ) (1+ )
            Or, 3.7 = (0.1) (1+ )
 Or, 37 = (1+ )
            Or, 36 = 
            Or, Rf  = 18 R1
                                    Let, R1 = 100Ώ, then Rf  = 1.8 KΏ . 

                   Fig: The designing circuit diagram of the differential input and output amplifier. 


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